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CodeSystem: Human Mars Mission Plans

Official URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/aerospace/CodeSystem/crewed-mars-missions-cs Version: 0.5.12
Active as of 2026-03-25 Computable Name: CrewedMarsMissionsCS

Proposed or conceptual human mission architectures to Mars (Mars Direct, NASA DRMs, SpaceX, etc.)

This Code system is referenced in the content logical definition of the following value sets:

Properties

This code system defines the following properties for its concepts

NameCodeURITypeDescription
proposer proposer http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/aerospace/CodeSystem/crewed-mars-missions-cs#proposer string Organization or individual proposing the architecture
year year http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/aerospace/CodeSystem/crewed-mars-missions-cs#year integer Year of proposal or major update
crewSize crewSize http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/aerospace/CodeSystem/crewed-mars-missions-cs#crewSize integer Nominal crew size
surfaceStayDays surfaceStayDays http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/aerospace/CodeSystem/crewed-mars-missions-cs#surfaceStayDays integer Planned surface stay duration in days

Concepts

This case-sensitive code system http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/aerospace/CodeSystem/crewed-mars-missions-cs defines the following codes:

CodeDisplayDefinitionproposeryearcrewSizesurfaceStayDays
marsDirect Mars Direct (Zubrin 1990) Two-launch architecture with ISRU propellant production on Mars, direct Earth-Mars transit, 18-month surface stay, artificial gravity tether, crew of 4 Robert Zubrin / Mars Society 1990 4 550
nasaDRM1 NASA Design Reference Mission 1.0 (1993) NASA's first Mars Semi-Direct adaptation, split missions with ISRU but added Mars Orbit Rendezvous with MAV NASA 1993 4
nasaDRM3 NASA Design Reference Mission 3.0 (1998) NASA DRM evolution with increased crew size (6) and hardware redundancy, Semi-Direct architecture NASA 1998 6
nasaDRA5 NASA Design Reference Architecture 5.0 (2009) Conjunction-class mission with ~3 launches, nuclear thermal rockets for cargo, fission surface power (~25 kW), long surface stays NASA 2009 6 500
austereMars NASA Austere Human Missions to Mars (2009) Cost-reduced DRA 5.0 variant with simplified technology, 4 crew, reduced infrastructure NASA 2009 4
journeyToMars NASA Journey to Mars (2015) Moon-first strategy (Artemis), then Mars in 2030s, incremental capability buildup, Gateway staging NASA 2015
spacexStarship SpaceX Starship Mars Plan (2016-present) Commercial plan using fully reusable Starship, orbital refueling (10-14 tankers), ISRU for return, target ~2029-2031 SpaceX / Elon Musk 2016 12 180
marsOne Mars One (2012-2019) Private one-way colonization concept, planned 2023 launch, project defunct 2019 Mars One / Bas Lansdorp 2012 4
inspirationMars Inspiration Mars (2013) Proposed crewed Mars flyby (Dennis Tito plan for 2018 launch window), not surface landing Dennis Tito / Inspiration Mars Foundation 2013 2
projectOlympus Project Olympus / Athena (2025) Jared Isaacman plan for accelerated NASA-commercial Mars efforts, uncrewed demo by 2026, nuclear-electric propulsion priority Jared Isaacman 2025